Jul 11, 2023
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nervous system. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the nerves.
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The exact cause of GBS is not fully understood, but it is often preceded by an infection, most commonly respiratory or gastrointestinal, such as a viral or bacterial infection.
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The hallmark symptom of GBS is muscle weakness that starts in the legs and may progress to the arms and upper body. This weakness can rapidly worsen and lead to paralysis.
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Other common symptoms include tingling or numbness in the extremities, difficulty with coordination and balance, and problems with breathing, swallowing, and speaking.
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GBS is usually characterized by a rapidly evolving course, with symptoms reaching their peak within a few weeks. However, the recovery phase can take several months to years.
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In severe cases, GBS can affect the muscles responsible for breathing, requiring hospitalization and mechanical ventilation to support breathing.
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GBS is typically diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, nerve conduction studies, and lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to examine cerebrospinal fluid.
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Treatment for GBS often involves hospitalization to manage symptoms and provide supportive care. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasmapheresis (plasma exchange) are commonly used to reduce the immune system's attack on the nerves.
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Most people with GBS experience significant recovery over time. Physical therapy and rehabilitation play a crucial role in helping patients regain strength, mobility, and function.
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While GBS can be a severe condition, majority of individuals recover fully or experience only minor long-term effects. However, some cases may result in long-lasting neurological complications.
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